Your Guide to Rhinitis: Types, Symptoms, and Treatments

Rhinitis refers to the inflammation of the nasal passages. It’s a common condition that can range in severity, and its symptoms may vary accordingly. The most typical signs include a runny or blocked nose, sneezing, nasal itching, and facial discomfort. In some cases, it also affects the eyes, throat, and even the sense of taste, smell, and hearing.

Proper diagnosis and treatment by a qualified ENT specialist is essential, especially for persistent or severe cases. Treatment strategies depend on the type of rhinitis.

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Main Types of Rhinitis

1. Allergic Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is triggered by exposure to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mold, animal dander, or certain chemicals.

Symptoms:

• Sneezing

• Runny or congested nose

• Itchy nose, throat, or eyes

• Watery eyes

Management:

Although it cannot be cured, allergic rhinitis can be managed effectively. Key strategies include:

• Avoiding known allergens

• Using antihistamines at the onset of symptoms

• Nasal decongestant sprays (short-term use)

• Saline rinses to flush allergens

• Flu vaccines and humidifiers to reduce triggers

• Minimizing pollen exposure during peak seasons

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2. Non-Allergic Rhinitis

This form of rhinitis does not involve allergens or immune reactions. Common triggers include viral infections, hormonal changes, stress, medications, weather fluctuations, or strong odors.

Subtypes of Non-Allergic Rhinitis:

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A. Acute Viral Rhinitis

Caused by viral infections (like the common cold).

Symptoms:

• Low-grade fever

• Congestion

• Cough

• Postnasal drip

Treatment:

• Symptom relief with decongestant sprays (limit to 3–4 days)

• Antihistamines for nasal symptoms

• Rest and fluids

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B. Chronic Rhinitis

Chronic rhinitis may be due to long-term exposure to irritants, underlying diseases (e.g., asthma), or pregnancy.

Symptoms:

• Constant nasal blockage

• Nosebleeds

• Crusting inside the nose

• Foul-smelling or pus-filled discharge

Management:

• Decongestant sprays (under medical guidance)

• Further testing (nasal cultures, biopsies) to rule out serious conditions

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C. Atrophic Rhinitis

Most common in older adults, this occurs when the nasal lining thins and dries out, often accompanied by the shrinkage of nasal bones.

Symptoms:

• Foul-smelling nasal discharge

• Crusting

• Nosebleeds

• Frequent infections

• Headaches and sore throat

• Nasal deformity

Treatment:

Although challenging, treatment focuses on:

• Rehydrating and moisturizing the nasal cavity

• Antibiotics for infections

• Saline rinses and nasal gels

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D. Vasomotor Rhinitis

A chronic condition that mimics allergic rhinitis but without any allergic cause.

Triggers:

• Strong odors (e.g., perfumes)

• Cold air

• Smoke

• Spicy foods

• Changes in temperature

Symptoms:

• Runny or blocked nose

• Sneezing

Treatment:

• Identify and avoid triggers

• Use humidifiers, decongestants, and nasal sprays

• ENT consultation for targeted therapies

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E. Rhinitis Medicamentosa (Rebound Congestion)

This condition results from the overuse of nasal decongestant sprays, which leads to worsening congestion rather than relief.

Symptoms:

• Severe nasal blockage

• Dependency on nasal sprays

Management:

• Gradual withdrawal from decongestants

• Use of saline nasal sprays and topical corticosteroids

• Medical support for symptom control

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Final Thoughts

Rhinitis can be mild and temporary or severe and chronic. Understanding its type is essential for proper management. If you’re struggling with persistent symptoms, consulting an experienced ENT specialist in Lahore or your local area is highly recommended. With the right approach, most forms of rhinitis can be managed effectively, restoring your comfort and quality of life.